College Health Tips from the University of Iowa's
Student Health Service

Is My Ankle Broken?

Duane Wilkins, M.D.
Former Student Health Service Physician
First Published: 2003
Last Revised: November 2003
Peer Review Status: Internally Reviewed

I turned my ankle, and it really hurts. What should I do? I don't think I need to come in to the doctor every time I fall. How can I tell when I need to?

Ankle sprains are very common, usually the result of the ankle "turning in." A sprain occurs when a ligament connecting bones or cartilage is torn. Ankle sprains cause immediate, severe pain that can be incapacitating. Neglected ankle sprains often develop into a chronic problem. However, if treated properly and promptly, they heal well, allowing a safe and timely return to activity. Any of the following signs or symptoms should prompt you to see your physician immediately:

• You hear or feel a "pop" or a series of "pops" indicating rupture of a ligament or ligaments
• You are unable to continue your activity or to bear weight on the affected ankle
• There is rapid swelling of the foot, ankle or lower leg
• There is a visible deformity at the site of injury
• Discoloration or bruising becomes evident
• Your injury represents a recurrence of a previous injury

The immediate management of acute ankle sprains means controlling pain and minimizing soft tissue swelling. First aid treatment is summed up in the well-known acronym RICE. RICE consists of Rest (of the injured part); Ice (applied indirectly to the skin); Compression (with an elastic bandage); and Elevation (of the affected limb).

RICE should be applied for the first 72 hours after injury. Weight bearing should be as tolerated without pain and with minimal limp. The ankle should be rested as much as possible with it elevated above the level of your heart. To reduce pain and swelling, apply crushed ice in a well-sealed plastic bag keeping the skin dry. Apply the bag directly to the skin for 15-20 minutes every three to four hours. An elastic bandage for compression should be worn at all times including sleep. Ibuprofen--two tablets three times a day--should be taken to reduce pain and inflammation. Aspirin should not be used since it may cause excessive bleeding from injured tissues. When in doubt about an acute ankle injury, initiate the RICE measures and see your physician promptly.

Title Page

See related Patient Topics Ankle Injuries and Disorders, Bones, Joints and Muscles or Injuries and Wounds.

See related Provider Topics Ankle Injuries and Disorders, Bones, Joints and Muscles or Injuries and Wounds.

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